Vladislav Solovev

How a pre-IPO deal is actually structured: you own a share of the vehicle, not the company — with a closed May 2026 round on the timeline and when money can come back.

A pre-IPO company is a late-stage private company expected to list within one to three years. What the stage means, the signs to watch and real examples.

Pre-IPO shares are stakes in a private company whose stock does not trade on an exchange. Types, who holds them, how they change hands and how they are priced.

Pre-IPO is a private purchase at a negotiated price. An IPO is a public sale at a price set with banks. Access, pricing, liquidity and lock-ups compared.

SPV investing pools investors into one legal entity that buys shares of a single private company. The steps, how the vehicle is built and who runs it.

SPV investment risks come from the vehicle as well as the company: the manager, one company, illiquidity, fees, thin reporting and layers. How to check each.

A 10b5-1 plan sets an insider’s future share trades in advance, as a defense against insider-trading claims. The 2023 waiting periods and a worked example.

A 409A specified employee is a key employee of a public company. Deferred pay due when they leave waits six months. Who qualifies and how the delay works.

A 409A valuation is an independent appraisal of a private company’s common stock. It sets the price employees pay for stock options. Rules and an example.

Accredited investor meaning: a person or entity that passes an SEC test on income ($200K), net worth ($1M) or a securities license and may buy private deals.

The alternative minimum tax is a second way to work out US income tax. Exercising incentive stock options can trigger it before you sell. Rules for 2026.

A cap table lists who owns what in a company: every share class, option and convertible, before and after each round. How to read one, with a worked example.